Cov hlau tsis xeb muaj ntau yam zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hauv ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, tab sis cov txheej txheem machining xaiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau no.
Tsab xov xwm no soj ntsuam qhov laj thawj rau kev siv cov hlau tsis xeb hauv ntau yam khoom thiab kev sib dhos, thiab saib lub luag haujlwm ntawm photochemical etching ua ib qho thev naus laus zis ua tiav uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsim cov khoom siv tshiab thiab siab.
Vim li cas ho xaiv cov hlau tsis xeb? Cov hlau tsis xeb yog cov hlau tsis muaj zog uas muaj cov chromium ntau tshaj 10% (los ntawm qhov hnyav). Qhov ntxiv chromium ua rau cov hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas tiv taus xeb. Cov chromium hauv cov hlau ua rau muaj cov zaj duab xis chromium oxide uas ruaj khov, nplaum, tsis pom, thiab tiv taus xeb ntawm cov hlau. Yog tias puas tsuaj los ntawm kev siv tshuab lossis tshuaj lom neeg, cov zaj duab xis tuaj yeem kho nws tus kheej, yog tias muaj oxygen (txawm tias me me xwb los xij).
Qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlau tau txhim kho los ntawm kev nce cov ntsiab lus chromium thiab ntxiv lwm yam khoom xws li molybdenum, nickel thiab nitrogen.
Cov hlau tsis xeb muaj ntau yam zoo. Ua ntej, cov khoom siv no tiv taus xeb, thiab chromium yog cov khoom sib xyaw uas ua rau cov hlau tsis xeb zoo li no. Cov qib qis-alloy tiv taus xeb hauv huab cua thiab dej ntshiab; cov qib siab-alloy tiv taus xeb hauv feem ntau cov kua qaub, alkaline, thiab cov chaw muaj chlorine, ua rau lawv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov nroj tsuag ua khoom.
Cov qib tshwj xeeb chromium thiab nickel alloy siab tiv taus kev tawg thiab tswj tau lub zog siab ntawm qhov kub siab. Cov hlau tsis xeb yog siv dav hauv cov khoom sib pauv cua sov, cov tshuab ua kom sov siab, cov boilers, cov cua sov dej pub, cov li qub thiab cov kav dej loj, nrog rau hauv cov dav hlau thiab cov ntawv thov aerospace.
Kev ntxuav kuj yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb heev. Lub peev xwm ntxuav tau yooj yim ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb ua rau nws yog thawj qhov kev xaiv rau cov xwm txheej huv huv xws li tsev kho mob, chav ua noj thiab cov chaw ua zaub mov, thiab cov hlau tsis xeb yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas ci ntsa iab muab cov tsos niaj hnub thiab zoo nkauj.
Thaum kawg, thaum xav txog tus nqi, xav txog cov khoom siv thiab cov nqi tsim khoom nrog rau cov nqi ntawm lub neej voj voog, cov hlau tsis xeb feem ntau yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab yog 100% rov ua dua tshiab, ua tiav tag nrho lub neej voj voog.
Cov pawg me me "etch" uas siv photochemically etched (xws li HP Etch thiab Etchform) etch ntau yam hlau nrog kev ua kom raug uas tsis muaj qhov twg hauv ntiaj teb. Cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv ci ua tiav muaj qhov tuab ntawm 0.003 txog 2000 µm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau tsis xeb tseem yog thawj qhov kev xaiv rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo, ntau qib muaj, ntau cov hlau sib xyaw, cov khoom siv zoo (raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no), thiab ntau cov tiav. Nws yog cov hlau xaiv rau ntau daim ntawv thov hauv ntau yam kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb hauv kev siv tshuab 1.4310: (AISI 301), 1.4404: (AISI 316L), 1.4301: (AISI 304) thiab cov hlau me me ntawm cov hlau austenitic paub zoo, ntau yam ferritic, ma Tensitic (1.4028 Mo/7C27Mo2) lossis duplex steels, Invar thiab Alloy 42.
Kev siv photochemical etching (kev xaiv tshem tawm cov hlau los ntawm lub ntsej muag photoresist los tsim cov khoom ua kom raug) muaj ntau qhov zoo dua li cov txheej txheem tsim cov hlau ib txwm muaj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, kev siv photochemical etching tsim cov khoom thaum tshem tawm cov khoom puas tsuaj vim tias tsis muaj cua sov lossis lub zog siv thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom nyuaj heev vim yog kev tshem tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv tib lub sijhawm siv cov tshuaj etchant.
Cov cuab yeej siv rau kev txiav yog digital lossis iav, yog li tsis tas yuav pib txiav cov pwm hlau kim thiab nyuaj rau haum. Qhov no txhais tau tias ntau yam khoom tuaj yeem tsim dua yam tsis muaj kev hnav cuab yeej kiag li, kom ntseeg tau tias thawj thiab lab qhov chaw tsim tawm zoo ib yam.
Cov cuab yeej digital thiab iav kuj tuaj yeem hloov kho thiab hloov pauv sai heev thiab pheej yig (feem ntau hauv ib teev), ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim qauv thiab kev tsim khoom ntau. Qhov no tso cai rau kev tsim qauv "tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo" yam tsis muaj kev poob nyiaj txiag. Lub sijhawm tig rov qab kwv yees li 90% sai dua li cov khoom siv stamped, uas kuj xav tau kev nqis peev tseem ceeb hauv cov cuab yeej.
Cov ntxaij vab tshaus, Cov lim dej, Cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab Cov khoov Lub tuam txhab tuaj yeem kos ntau yam khoom siv hlau tsis xeb suav nrog cov ntxaij vab tshaus, cov lim dej, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav tiaj tus thiab cov caij nplooj ntoos hlav khoov.
Cov lim dej thiab cov sieves yog qhov xav tau hauv ntau lub lag luam kev lag luam, thiab cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau xav tau cov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov nyuaj thiab qhov tseeb heev. Cov txheej txheem photochemical etching ntawm micrometal yog siv los tsim ntau yam ntawm cov lim dej thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus rau kev lag luam petrochemical, kev lag luam zaub mov, kev lag luam kho mob thiab kev lag luam tsheb (cov lim dej photoetched yog siv rau hauv cov roj txhaj tshuaj thiab hydraulics vim lawv lub zog tensile siab). micrometal tau tsim nws cov thev naus laus zis photochemical etching kom tso cai rau kev tswj hwm qhov tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem etching hauv 3 qhov ntev. Qhov no pab txhawb kev tsim cov geometries nyuaj thiab, thaum siv rau kev tsim cov grids thiab sieves, tuaj yeem txo cov sijhawm ua haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab ntau yam aperture duab tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv ib daim phiaj tsis nce nqi.
Tsis zoo li cov txheej txheem machining ib txwm muaj, photochemical etching muaj qib siab dua ntawm kev txawj ntse hauv kev tsim cov stencils nyias thiab meej, cov lim dej thiab cov sieves.
Kev tshem tawm cov hlau tib lub sijhawm thaum etching ua rau muaj ntau qhov geometries yam tsis muaj kev siv cuab yeej kim lossis cov nqi machining, thiab cov duab-etched meshes yog burr-dawb thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab nrog cov khoom degradation qhov twg perforated phaj yog prone rau deformation xoom.
Kev siv tshuaj photochemical etching tsis hloov qhov chaw tiav ntawm cov khoom siv uas tau ua tiav thiab tsis siv kev sib cuag hlau-rau-hlau lossis cov cua sov los hloov cov khoom nto. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem muab qhov tiav zoo nkauj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv kho kom zoo nkauj.
Cov khoom siv hlau stainless uas tau etched los ntawm photochemically kuj feem ntau siv rau hauv kev nyab xeeb-qhov tseem ceeb lossis kev siv ib puag ncig hnyav - xws li ABS braking systems thiab roj txhaj tshuaj systems - thiab qhov khoov etched tuaj yeem "khoov" tau zoo kawg nkaus lab zaug vim tias cov txheej txheem tsis hloov pauv lub zog qaug zog ntawm cov hlau. Lwm cov txheej txheem machining xws li machining thiab routing feem ntau tawm cov burrs me me thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg recast uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Kev siv photochemical etching tshem tawm cov qhov chaw tawg hauv cov khoom siv, ua rau tsis muaj burr thiab rov ua dua txheej khoov, ua kom lub neej khoom ntev thiab kev ntseeg siab dua.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Hlau thiab stainless hlau muaj ntau yam khoom uas ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau ntau daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam. Txawm hais tias pom tias yog cov khoom siv yooj yim los ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim cov hlau ib txwm muaj, kev siv photochemical etching muab cov tuam txhab tsim khoom zoo thaum tsim cov khoom nyuaj thiab kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb.
Kev txiav tsis tas yuav siv cov cuab yeej nyuaj, tso cai rau kev tsim khoom sai sai los ntawm prototype mus rau kev tsim khoom ntau, muab qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg, tsim cov khoom burr- thiab tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab, tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom sov thiab cov khoom ntawm cov hlau, ua haujlwm rau txhua qib ntawm cov hlau, thiab ncav cuag qhov tseeb ntawm ± 0.025 hli, txhua lub sijhawm ua khoom yog hnub, tsis yog lub hlis.
Qhov ua tau ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem photochemical etching ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hlau tsis xeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov nyuaj, thiab txhawb kev tsim kho tshiab vim nws tshem tawm cov teeb meem uas muaj nyob hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov hlau ib txwm muaj rau cov kws tsim qauv.
Ib yam khoom uas muaj cov khoom siv hlau thiab muaj ob lossis ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg, tsawg kawg yog ib qho yog hlau.
Cov khoom siv uas ua los ntawm cov xov uas nyob ntawm ntug ntawm ib qho khoom ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Feem ntau ntse. Nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tes, cov log sib tsoo lossis cov siv sia, cov log hlau, cov txhuam fiber abrasive, cov khoom siv dej, lossis lwm txoj hauv kev.
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov hlau lossis cov khoom siv los tiv taus xeb thiab xeb. Cov no yog cov khoom ntawm nickel thiab chromium tsim nyob rau hauv cov hlau xws li stainless hlau.
Ib qho xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj kev tawg thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab rov ua dua lossis hloov pauv nrog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws tsawg dua lub zog tensile ntawm cov khoom. Kev tawg ntawm kev qaug zog yog nce zuj zus, pib nrog cov kab nrib pleb me me uas loj hlob thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab hloov pauv.
Qhov kev ntxhov siab siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem ua tau yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib lub voj voog tshwj xeeb, tshwj tsis yog hais lwm yam, qhov kev ntxhov siab raug thim rov qab tag nrho hauv txhua lub voj voog.
Txhua txoj kev tsim khoom uas siv hlau los ua haujlwm lossis tshuab kom muab ib daim workpiece ib lub duab tshiab. Feem ntau, lo lus no suav nrog cov txheej txheem xws li kev tsim qauv thiab kev teeb tsa, kev kho cua sov, kev tuav cov khoom siv thiab kev tshuaj xyuas.
Cov hlau tsis xeb muaj lub zog siab, tiv taus kub, ua haujlwm tau zoo heev thiab tiv taus xeb. Muaj plaub pawg dav dav tau tsim los npog ntau yam khoom siv kho tshuab thiab lub cev rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Plaub qib yog: CrNiMn 200 series thiab CrNi 300 series austenitic hom; chromium martensitic hom, tawv tau 400 series; chromium, tsis tawv tau 400 series ferritic hom; Cov hlau chromium-nickel uas tawv tau nag lossis daus nrog cov ntsiab lus ntxiv rau kev kho cov kua thiab kev tawv thaum laus.
Hauv kev sim tensile, qhov sib piv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws rau thaj chaw seem thawj. Kuj hu ua lub zog kawg. Piv nrog lub zog tawm los.